Effect of Thyroidectomy on Hepatic and Renal Function Tests

Abstract

Background: The most common type of surgery associated with thyroid status is a thyroidectomy that generally is safe but it carries a risk of complications. Aim: This study estimates the direct effect of thyroidectomy on hepatic and renal biomarkers that measured quantitatively using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Materials and methods: Totally, 90 individuals (45 thyroidectomy and 45 healthy) were selected from various hospitals in Nineveh, Baghdad and Wasit provinces (Iraq) during November (2022) to August (2023). Blood samples were collected, and the obtained sera were analyzed to measure the concentration of liver markers including the total protein, albumin, vitamin D, total bilirubin, ALP, ALT, AST and LDH as well as the renal markers including blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. Results: In comparison with the healthy, the findings of liver markers of thyroidectomy population were showed a significant elevation in values of albumin, A/G Ratio and ALT; while, significant reduction was seen in values of total protein and globulin. However, insignificant variation (P>0.05) was observed in values total bilirubin, globulin, vitamin D, ALP, AST and LDH. For kidney markers, although the values of BUN were increased significantly among the thyroidectomy individuals, no significant variation in creatinine values among the thyroidectomy and healthy individuals. Conclusion: The variable values of liver and kidney enzymes might indicate the alternative association of hyperthyroidism status prior to the surgery and / or the hypothyroidism effect after it. Thus, this study recommends that liver and kidney tests must be evaluated in individuals of thyroid dysfunction. Also, we suggested that various endogenous proteolysis might be related with thyroidectomy due to changes in levels of thyroid hormones (hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism).