The Gut Microbiota Immune Axis in Iraqi Adults: Revealing the Interaction between Microbial Composition and Host Immune Response

Abstract

The gut-immune axis refers to the reciprocal interaction between the gut bacteria and the immune system. The dynamic interaction discussed here is a significant factor in determining one's overall health, since it has an impact on various aspects such as immunological responses, inflammation, and the preservation of gut homeostasis. The objective of this study is to elucidate the intricate relationship between microbial prevalence and important factors, so providing insights into potential consequences for immune responses.A cross-sectional study involved 80 consenting Iraqi people aged 18–65. Feces and blood were carefully collected and processed for microbiota and immune response studies. The poll was pilot-tested for clarity and cultural fit. Safely transported samples by cold chain. Immune markers were measured with ELISA kits. Data analysis was done using SPSS Version 25.0 and chi-square and p-value testing. The study found significant correlations between gut microbiota prevalence and demographics. As people aged, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium decreased and Colistriduim and E. coli increased. Lactobacillus and E. coli prevalence differed by gender. All tested individuals' microbiota was influenced by their place of residence, showing urban and rural differences. Microbe incidence was significantly correlated with education and income. Diet and smoking greatly affected microbial profiles. The study also found links between gut microbiota, interleukins, and T and B cells.This study illuminates the intricate interaction between gut microbiota and numerous variables in Iraqi adults. Lifestyle and demographic characteristics may affect microbial composition and immunological responses, as shown by the relationships.