Impact of TNF-α Cytokine on Entamoeba Histolitica Parasite Infection in The Context of Diabetes

Abstract

Background: TNF-α, a proinflammatory cytokine, is a factor secreted by macrophages and plays an important role in enhancing the immune-inflammatory response to Entamoeba histolytica. Objective: The goal of this study was to detection  of E. histolytica in Diabetes patients and compare immunological parameter TNF-α between Type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients and controls. Methodology: 150 of participants (75 diabetic patients suffered from with diarrhea + 75 controls) were involved in this study and during the period from beginning of March 2023 to the end of Nov, 2023. Including people of two sexes as well as every generation. Each individual's identity, sex, date of birth, and place of residency were recorded using an individualized survey. At (Najaf Diabetes and Endocrinology Center, AL Hakeem Public Medical institution, AL Furat AL Awsat Medical institution and AL Sader Medical City) and all ages  took , whole participants in this examination topped up an individualized survey. Stool and blood samples were collected from all participants for detection of E.histolytica and measure TNF-α by ELISA technique. Results: The mean concentration of TNF-α in patients (72.563 ± 6.165 pg/ml) was higher than in control groups (23.314 ± 0.775 pg/ml) with statistically significant difference (P-value <0.0001) between groups with 95% confidence interval ranges from -61.69 to -36.81. The average rank concentration of TNF-α peaked at 63.67 pg/ml in diabetic patients infected with the parasite E.histolytica, a group consisting of 28 patients. The average level of TNF-α was at its lowest point (26.52 pg/ml) in a group of 48 diabetic patients who did not have the parasite E.histolytica. This variation had a p-value of 0.000 (significantly significant statistically). The age group of 63-72 years had the highest average rank for TNFα, with a measurement of 75.00 pg/ml. The age group of 3-12 years had the lowest average rank for TNFα, measuring at 14.29 pg/ml. Mean rank for awareness stage of TNf-α in ladies (39.08) was once barely greater than in men (38.10). Conclusions: The average concentration level of TNF-α cytokine differs significantly between the patient and control groups, with the patient group exhibiting greater levels. When compared to diabetic individuals without the parasite E. histolytica, the presence of the parasite caused a significant increase in TNF-α levels.