Evaluation of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Through Androstolone and Pituitary Hormones Lab Testing

Abstract

        Hyperandrogenemia is an essential symptom of PCOS. Androgens are produced in the ovaries and adrenal glands as the final products of a series of enzymatic reactions starting from a common precursor, i.e, cholesterol. The critical intermediate stages of androgen production involve the conversion of cholesterol into dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione. These reactions take place in the theca cells . Hyperandrogenemia is considered the main clinical hallmark of PCOS. It is estimated that more than 80% of women who exhibit signs or symptoms of hyperandrogenism , including hirsutism, acne or alopecia, have PCOS .Abnormalities in the neuroendocrine system like increased pulse frequency of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, stimulating the pituitary for excessive production of luteinizing hormone than that of follicle-stimulating hormone is seen in PCOS women. Excess LH stimulates ovarian androgen production, whereas a relative deficit in FSH impairs follicular development. The imbalance in LH: FSH causes proliferation of ovarian theca cells leading to increased steroid genesis , and ultimately leading to hyperandrogenism in PCOS women.