Journal of Scientific Research in Medical and Biological Sciences

The Impact of Calpain-10 Gene Polymorphisms on Therapeutic Response to Metformin at the crossroad Type Two Diabetes Mellitus Patients

2026-02-11T13:36:21+07:00

Diabetes is a complex and multifaceted metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels resulting from either insulin resistance, insufficient insulin synthesis, or both. Metformin is often administered as one of the first oral hypoglycemic medications. The first diabetes gene to be discovered via a genome scan is the Calpain-10 (CAPN10) gene, which is linked to the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance as well as glucose metabolism and pancreatic beta-cell function. It makes the translocation of GLUT4 easier. Within the beta-cell, CAPN10 is most likely a sensor and an insulin exocytosis that acts at the plasma membrane and the mitochondria, respectively. G homozygous for the recessive model SNP-43, who had a 19% increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This prospective cohort study included one hundred patients who were recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The research was conducted in Al Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital, located in Diwaniya Governorate, Iraq. The ages exhibited variation, with an average age of 55.25 and a standard deviation of 9.88. Each patient had a 12-week period between the first blood sample, which was collected at the time of diagnosis before treatment had started, and the second blood sample, which was taken 12 weeks later. Following the administration of metformin medicine, there was a significant reduction in the average BMI (p < 0.01). The fasting plasma glucose, plasma insulin, HbA1c, and insulin resistance (measured by the HOMA-IR index) showed a substantial drop (p< 0.001), whereas insulin sensitivity (measured by the QUICKI) exhibited a significant rise (p< 0.001). There was a significant reduction in the average lipid profile levels (p< 0.001), with the exception of an increase in the average HDL level. Gender disparities in glycemic control measurements suggest that males exhibit higher average values compared to women, while women demonstrate superior management of lipid profiles in comparison to men. However, it is important to note that these differences do not reach statistical significance (p<0.05). After three months of using metformin, we discovered a significant deterioration of glycemic control as measured by HbA1c (threshold of < 7%) (p = 0.01) and CAPN 10 gene SNP-43. Metformin has demonstrated efficacy in enhancing serum lipid profiles, insulin levels, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, the insulin resistant index (HOMA-IR), and the insulin sensitivity index (QUICKI) in individuals recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A significant correlation was found between the lower response to metformin treatment and the CAPN-10 gene SNP-43.

Immunological Role of Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase-13 in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

2026-04-30T22:45:09+07:00

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a longstanding metabolic illness that may be genetic or advanced due to lifestyle and environmental factors. It occurs when the pancreas does not produce sufficient insulin, or when the body is incapable to use the insulin it produces successfully, leading to disorders in the regulation of blood glucose. The goal of this study is to evaluate matrix metalloproteinase-13 as a probable biomarker in complications of diabetes.

Material and Methods: The current study comprised a total of 90 specimens obtained from members. The study was divided into two groups: the first consisted of 60 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, while the second comprised 30 healthy individuals serving as a control group. All members were employed from a private laboratory in Balad city, Iraq, between September 2025 and January 2026.

Results: Concerning sex distribution, males accounted for a higher proportion of the patients, accounting for 54 (60%), while female established 36(40%). Examination by age group specified that persons aged 51–60 years had the highest occurrence of diabetes. In addition, the findings exposed that the Matrix metallopeptidase-13 (MMP-13) serum level was significantly increased in T2DM patients compared to healthy control (P < 0.05).

Use of the VITEK 2 machine for identification and antifungal sensitivity test of Candida spp

2026-04-30T23:10:53+07:00

In patients with compromised immune systems, infections caused by Candida represent a significant source of illness and death; thus, timely and accurate identification is crucial for effective patient care. A Candida isolate was identified using both conventional techniques and the Vitek-2 system. Antifungal susceptibility testing (AST) was conducted with the Vitek-2 system following the guidelines set forth by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. The most commonly identified species of Candida was albicans, followed by tropicalis, krusei, parapsilosis, and glabrata. The average agreement rate between the Vitek-2 system and traditional methods exceeded 94%. Most isolates demonstrated sensitivity to amphotericin B (97.67%) and fluconazole (88.95%). The AST agreement rates for fluconazole and amphotericin B were over 94% and more than 99%, respectively, with statistical significance noted (P < 0.01).